Anorexia Nervosa is a serious eating disorder that affects both physical and mental health. While it is often associated with young women, anorexia can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. It is characterised by restrictive eating, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of body image. In the UK, thousands of people are affected by anorexia each year. Without treatment, the condition can have serious health consequences, but with the right support, recovery is possible.

Anorexia Nervosa: Understanding the Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person severely restricts their food intake, often resulting in significant weight loss and difficulty maintaining a
healthy body weight. People with anorexia often have an overwhelming fear of gaining weight and may see themselves as overweight even when they are underweight. The disorder can affect every aspect of daily life, including physical health, emotional wellbeing, relationships, and work or education.

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

  • Restricting food intake or skipping meals.

  • Significant weight loss or difficulty maintaining a healthy weight.

  • Intense fear of gaining weight.

  • A distorted body image or dissatisfaction with appearance.

  • Excessive exercise or compulsive physical activity.

  • Obsessive thoughts about food, calories, dieting, or weight.

Physical symptoms may include:

  • Fatigue and low energy levels.

  • Feeling cold frequently.

  • Dizziness or fainting.

  • Hair thinning or hair loss.

  • Irregular or absent menstrual periods.

  • Difficulty concentrating.

  • Sleep disturbances.

Common signs & symptoms of anorexia include:

What Causes Anorexia Nervosa?

There is no single cause of anorexia. Instead, it is thought to develop through a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors.

Environmental factors

Social pressures around appearance and body image can contribute to the development of eating disorders. Exposure to unrealistic beauty standards, social media influences, bullying, or negative comments about weight may increase vulnerability, particularly among young people.

Dieting and weight loss

In some cases, anorexia can begin with a desire to lose weight or adopt a healthier lifestyle. Over time, restrictive eating behaviours may become increasingly severe and difficult to control.

Genetic factors

Research suggests that individuals with a family history of eating disorders, anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive traits may be at greater risk of developing anorexia.

Psychological factors

Many people with anorexia experience low self-esteem, perfectionism, anxiety, or difficulties coping with emotions. Restricting food intake may become a way of feeling in control during periods of stress or emotional distress.

Anorexia is diagnosed following a comprehensive assessment by a specialist psychiatrist.

This may include:

A detailed assessment The psychiatrist will explore eating habits, attitudes towards food and weight, emotional wellbeing, and any behaviours associated with the eating disorder.

Physical health assessment Weight, physical health, and any medical complications related to malnutrition will be assessed.

Blood tests Blood tests may be carried out to identify any physical health concerns, including nutritional deficiencies, hormone changes, or electrolyte imbalances.

How is Anorexia Nervosa Diagnosed?

Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa

Treatment focuses on both physical recovery and the psychological factors that contribute to the disorder. A combination of therapies is often the most effective approach.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) - CBT can help individuals identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about food, weight, and body image. It also supports the development of healthier coping strategies.

Nutritional Support - Working with a registered dietitian can help individuals restore healthy eating patterns, improve nutritional intake, and achieve a safe and sustainable weight.

Medical Monitoring - Regular medical reviews may be required to monitor physical health and manage any complications associated with malnutrition or significant weight loss.

Family-Based Support For children and adolescents, a family based intervention or Systemic Family Therapy has the best outcomes for recovery.

Seeking Help

Anorexia Nervosa is a serious but treatable condition. If you are concerned about your relationship with food, weight, or body image, professional support is available.